Melrose

Here's the Melrose page.

I cited the diary as a reprinted source.

Life in Scotland

Robert Melrose was born around 1828 in Garvald, East Lothian, Scotland and was the eldest son of George and Isabella Melrose. The 1851 census shows that he was a labourer, and on May 24, 1852, he inked his name to a contract [LINK TO IMAGES AND TRANSCRIPTION, with caption “Further to his official contract, Melrose agreed to a receive “a premium of twenty five pounds, over and above his wages of Seventeen Pounds p [sic] Annum”. After five years and upon renewal of his engagement with the Company for an additional five years, he would be entitled to another twenty five pounds.] with Kenneth McKenzie, agent of the Company of Adventurers of England more commonly known as the Hudson's Bay Company. Melrose agreed to work in the capacity of labourer for five years, and to defend “with courage and fidelity in his said station, in the said Service…the property of the said Company and their Factories & Territories.” 1] So it was that Robert Melrose boarded the Trident at Granton Pier on August 11, 1852 and shipped to London, where he boarded the Norman Morison with other of Kenneth McKenzie’s prospective employees and their families.

The Journey to Canada

The voyage was arduous, and the ship took six months to reach the colony of Vancouver’s Island. During this time, a number of passengers died, and the survivors endured a four day hurricane off of Cape Horn in November 1852. Melrose and his new wife eventually made land and arrived at their new home on January 22, 1853. Although he came from a family of labourers, Robert Melrose had received some education and was able to write, keeping a diary from August 1852 until July 1857.

Education

Like some of the other Craigflower labourers, he appears to have had a relatively decent education, for on March 15, 1854, he gave a lecture “on the discoveries of Optical science” and two weeks later, a fellow labourer, James Deans, gave a “lecture on the Nobility of man.” 2 In June of the same year, Melrose turned his attentions away from science and delivered a lecture “on the wonders of civilization.”3 Such lectures seem to have been a regular feature of life on the farm in 1854, and a number of different labourers tried their hand at teaching their fellow workers about subjects ranging from science to religion, and those who could not lecture often appear to have recited literature, some of which they may have penned themselves. [LINK TO JAMES DEANS RUSTIC RHYMES…caption “Pages from the book of labourer James Deans, entitled [check]. Comprising two exercise books, the poetry of James Deans ranges from his thoughts on his new home in British Columbia to odes to friends and those who died when the Point Ellice Bridge collapsed on May 24, 1896.]

Life at Craigflower

Although life at Craigflower was at times difficult, and other employees, such as Peter Bartleman [LINK TO PETER BARTLEMAN PAGE ] appear to have had strained relationships with Kenneth McKenzie, Melrose appears to have done relatively well for himself as a labourer, and was given a clock soon after arriving, and received both a gun and a cow in the summer of 1853. He made careful note of any matter relating to food or drink, and notes that on July 22, 1853 “fresh salmon [was] served out”.4 Such rations were likely to have been better than what he would have received as a labourer in Scotland, and Melrose appears to have lived well in Canada.

Melrose’s duties at Craigflower were quite varied, and his diary notes that he ploughed “a piece of ground for potatoes” and made bricks, as well as ground “wheat all night”. 5 He worked six days a week, and only had Sundays and holidays such as Christmas Day off, and for his trouble earned ₤4/5/- per quarter in 1853. In 1853, he agreed to accept money in lieu of rations, and was paid an additional ₤2/16/- per month. [LINK TO It has been noted that the lives of Scottish labourers were quite different than those of their English counterparts, and in northern England and Scotland, labourers were involved in "stock-rearing, fattening and cropping", wherein labourers were involved in "weeding, dunging, singling and intensive ploughing." 6 Scottish labourers were generally hired long-term and boarded on the farm, and the average day for a Scottish labourer was ten hours long with a two-hour rest. 7 As at Craigflower, it appears that most Scottish labourers generally were paid at least partially in kind rather than in money, and this system did not seriously decline in Scotland until the late nineteenth century. 8 Due to the fact that a number of Scottish farms were often located far from villages, it was impractical to pay labourers solely in cash.9] Unlike other of Craigflower’s workers, Melrose does not appear to have tried to escape to Sooke, although his diary reveals some discontent with McKenzie. On February 25, 1854, he notes that “monthly Ration pay due, not settled, want of money.”10 However, he doesn’t seem to have been terribly troubled, for he goes on to write, “J. Wilson ¾ d[runk]. The Author ¾ d[runk].” 11

Epilogue

Robert Melrose enjoyed a long life on Vancouver Island, and died at the age of 70 on July 26, 1898 at Royal Jubilee Hospital of pneumonia, from which he had suffered for three days. Although labourers have a tendency to be the silent workers and builders of Empire, being largely overshadowed by the upper classes who engineered colonization schemes, the experience of Robert Melrose appears to be fairly typical of workers at Craigflower. Arriving in the mid-nineteenth century and living out the rest of his life in British Columbia, it is likely, that he, like so many others after him, saw the young colony as a way to escape a stagnating economy back at home, and concomitantly, to experience adventure.

Notes

1. British Columbia Archives (hereafter BCA), Kenneth McKenzie, Family, Personal and Business Papers 1779-1943, A-01483, Box 19, File 1, Agreements with Employees, 24 May 1852.

2. Robert Melrose, “The Diary of Robert Melrose: Part II,” British Columbia Historical Quarterly VII, No. 3, (1943), 198-218.

3. Melrose, “The Diary of Robert Melrose: Part II,” 198-218.

4. Robert Melrose, “The Diary of Robert Melrose,” British Columbia Historical Quarterly VII, No. 2, (1943), 119-135.

5. Melrose, “The Diary of Robert Melrose,” 119-135.

6. T.M. Devine, “Introduction: Scottish Farm Service in the Agricultural Revolution” in Farm Servants and Labour in Lowland Scotland 1770-1914, ed. T.M. Devine (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1984), 4.
.
7. Devine, “Introduction,” 4.

8. Devine, “Introduction,” 4.

9. Devine, “Introduction,” 6.

10. Melrose, “The Diary of Robert Melrose: Part II,” 198-218.

11. Melrose, “The Diary of Robert Melrose: Part II,” 198-218.